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Rocket Spanish Course
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Wednesday, November 6, 2013
Introductions in Spanish!
Use yo estoy to describe how you feel at the moment.
Yo estoy means I am when you talk about a temporary condition.
Yo estoy means I am when you talk about a temporary condition.
An o ending usually refers to male/masculine.
An a ending usually refers to female/feminine.
An a ending usually refers to female/feminine.
Yo estoy muy contento.
I'm very happy. (male)
I'm very happy. (male)
Yo estoy cansada.
I'm tired. (female)
I'm tired. (female)
Yo estoy aburrido.
I'm bored. (male)
I'm bored. (male)
Yo estoy resfriado.
I have a cold.
I have a cold.
Yo estoy preocupado.
I'm worried. (male)
I'm worried. (male)
Yo estoy muy mal.
I'm very sick.
I'm very sick.
Time Expressions using Hacer
One uses hace + expression of time + a verb in the present tense to indicate an action which began in past time and continues in the present time.
Hace un mes que estoy trabajando.
I have been working for a month.
I have been working for a month.
Hace unos tres años que estudio español.
I have been studying Spanish for about three years.
I have been studying Spanish for about three years.
The hace clause may be used either before or after the main verb; if used afterwards, desde is inserted before hace.
Estudio español desde hace dos años.
I have been studying Spanish for two years.
I have been studying Spanish for two years.
Están divorciados desde hace un año.
They have been divorced for one year.
They have been divorced for one year.
Let's look at some some slightly different ways to use the verbhace to discuss the passage of time.
¿Hace cuánto tiempo tiene el dolor?
How long have you had the pain?
How long have you had the pain?
Hace quince minutos.
It's been fifteen minutes.
It's been fifteen minutes.
Hace una hora.
One hour ago.
One hour ago.
Preterite Tense
The same construction is used to indicate an action which began and ended at an earlier time.
Eso pasó hace quince minutos.
That happened 15 minutes ago.
That happened 15 minutes ago.
El taxi se fue hace una hora.
The taxi cab left one hour ago.
The taxi cab left one hour ago.
Imperfect Tense
The same construction, but using the imperfect hacía + expression of time + a verb in the imperfect tense is used to indicate an action which is continuing on in past time but which started at an earlier time.
Hacía una hora que estudiaban.
They had been studying for an hour.
They had been studying for an hour.
¿Hacia cuánto tiempo que trabajaba usted?
How long had you been working?
How long had you been working?
As before, hacía may be used either before or after the main verb; if used afterwards, desde is inserted before hacía.
Quería rodar esta película desde hacía un año.He wanted to shoot this movie for a year.
Buscaba su teléfono desde hacía una hora.He was looking for his phone for an hour.
Time Expressions using Hacer
One uses hace + expression of time + a verb in the present tense to indicate an action which began in past time and continues in the present time.
Hace un mes que estoy trabajando.I have been working for a month.
Hace unos tres años que estudio español.I have been studying Spanish for about three years.
The hace clause may be used either before or after the main verb; if used afterwards, desde is inserted before hace.
Estudio español desde hace dos años. I have been studying Spanish for two years.
Están divorciados desde hace un año.They have been divorced for one year.
Let's look at some some slightly different ways to use the verbhace to discuss the passage of time.
¿Hace cuánto tiempo tiene el dolor?How long have you had the pain?
Hace quince minutos. It's been fifteen minutes.
Hace una hora.One hour ago.
Preterite Tense
The same construction is used to indicate an action which began and ended at an earlier time.
Eso pasó hace quince minutos.That happened 15 minutes ago.
El taxi se fue hace una hora.The taxi cab left one hour ago.
Imperfect Tense
The same construction, but using the imperfect hacía + expression of time + a verb in the imperfect tense is used to indicate an action which is continuing on in past time but which started at an earlier time.
Hacía una hora que estudiaban.
They had been studying for an hour.
They had been studying for an hour.
¿Hacia cuánto tiempo que trabajaba usted?
How long had you been working?
How long had you been working?
As before, hacía may be used either before or after the main verb; if used afterwards, desde is inserted before hacía.
Quería rodar esta película desde hacía un año.He wanted to shoot this movie for a year.
Buscaba su teléfono desde hacía una hora.He was looking for his phone for an hour.
Days of the Week, Months of the Year and Seasons
Months of the Year - Los Meses del Año
enero - January
febrero - February
marzo - March
abril - April
mayo - May
junio - June
julio - July
agosto - August
septiembre - September
octubre - October
noviembre - November
diciembre - December
el mes - the month
el año - the year
febrero - February
marzo - March
abril - April
mayo - May
junio - June
julio - July
agosto - August
septiembre - September
octubre - October
noviembre - November
diciembre - December
el mes - the month
el año - the year
Note:
- the months of the year are not capitalized
- they are masculine, and are not normally used with articles
- there is no u in agosto, and the first vowel in diciembre is an i, not an e
- they are masculine, and are not normally used with articles
- there is no u in agosto, and the first vowel in diciembre is an i, not an e
To say in a month, use en or en el mes de.
Ella va a venir en junio.
She is going to come in June.
She is going to come in June.
Hace buen tiempo en el mes de mayo.
The weather is nice in May.
The weather is nice in May.
Seasons of the Year - Las estaciones del Año
la primavera - spring
el verano - summer
el otoño - autumn
el invierno - winter
el verano - summer
el otoño - autumn
el invierno - winter
Note:
The seasons are generally used with the definite article.
The seasons are generally used with the definite article.
En la primavera llueve mucho.
It rains a lot in the spring.
It rains a lot in the spring.
El verano es maravilloso.
Summer is marvelous.
Summer is marvelous.
estación vs. temporada
As you already know, season translates to Spanish as estación.
The Spanish word temporada is used for most other "seasons", such as for "football season", "bullfighting season", "television season", "opera season", etc.
Mi estación favorita es la primavera.
My favorite season is spring.
My favorite season is spring.
Esta temporada de fútbol será fenomenal.
This soccer season will be phenomenal.
This soccer season will be phenomenal.
Dates
To give the date in Spanish, use the definite article "el" plus a cardinal number (e.g., dos, tres, ... treinta y uno) plus de and the month (plus "de" and the year). For the first day of the month, use primero, not uno.
Hoy es el primero de enero.
Today is January 1.
Today is January 1.
Es el dos de febrero.
It is February 2.
It is February 2.
Estamos al 31 de marzo.
Today is March 31.
Today is March 31.
To ask the date, use one of the following:
¿Cuál es la fecha hoy?
What's today's date?
What's today's date?
¿Qué día es hoy?
What day of the month is it?
What day of the month is it?
¿A qué día del mes estamos?
What day (date) is it today?
What day (date) is it today?
To give the year, use the regular number, normally with mil (1000), as in one thousand nine hundred eighty eight (do not try to use the equivalent of nineteen hundred).
June 1, 1853 - el primero de junio de mil ochocientos cincuenta y tres
May 22, 1987 - el veintidós de mayo de mil novecientos ochenta y siete
March 30, 1990 - el treinta de marzo de mil novecientos noventa
October 15, 2000 - el quince de octubre de dos mil
December 17, 2002 - el diecisiete de diciembre de dos mil dos
May 22, 1987 - el veintidós de mayo de mil novecientos ochenta y siete
March 30, 1990 - el treinta de marzo de mil novecientos noventa
October 15, 2000 - el quince de octubre de dos mil
December 17, 2002 - el diecisiete de diciembre de dos mil dos
Days of the Week, Months of the Year and Seasons
Months of the Year - Los Meses del Año
enero - January febrero - February marzo - March abril - April mayo - May junio - June julio - July agosto - August septiembre - September octubre - October noviembre - November diciembre - December el mes - the month el año - the year
Note:
- the months of the year are not capitalized
- they are masculine, and are not normally used with articles
- there is no u in agosto, and the first vowel in diciembre is an i, not an e
- they are masculine, and are not normally used with articles
- there is no u in agosto, and the first vowel in diciembre is an i, not an e
To say in a month, use en or en el mes de.
Ella va a venir en junio.
She is going to come in June.
She is going to come in June.
Hace buen tiempo en el mes de mayo.
The weather is nice in May.
The weather is nice in May.
Seasons of the Year - Las estaciones del Año
la primavera - spring el verano - summer el otoño - autumn el invierno - winter
Note:
The seasons are generally used with the definite article.
The seasons are generally used with the definite article.
En la primavera llueve mucho.
It rains a lot in the spring.
It rains a lot in the spring.
El verano es maravilloso.
Summer is marvelous.
Summer is marvelous.
estación vs. temporada
As you already know, season translates to Spanish as estación.
The Spanish word temporada is used for most other "seasons", such as for "football season", "bullfighting season", "television season", "opera season", etc.
Mi estación favorita es la primavera.
My favorite season is spring.
My favorite season is spring.
Esta temporada de fútbol será fenomenal.
This soccer season will be phenomenal.
This soccer season will be phenomenal.
Dates
To give the date in Spanish, use the definite article "el" plus a cardinal number (e.g., dos, tres, ... treinta y uno) plus de and the month (plus "de" and the year). For the first day of the month, use primero, not uno.
Hoy es el primero de enero.
Today is January 1.
Today is January 1.
Es el dos de febrero.
It is February 2.
It is February 2.
Estamos al 31 de marzo.
Today is March 31.
Today is March 31.
To ask the date, use one of the following:
¿Cuál es la fecha hoy?
What's today's date?
What's today's date?
¿Qué día es hoy?
What day of the month is it?
What day of the month is it?
¿A qué día del mes estamos?
What day (date) is it today?
What day (date) is it today?
To give the year, use the regular number, normally with mil (1000), as in one thousand nine hundred eighty eight (do not try to use the equivalent of nineteen hundred).
June 1, 1853 - el primero de junio de mil ochocientos cincuenta y tres
May 22, 1987 - el veintidós de mayo de mil novecientos ochenta y siete
March 30, 1990 - el treinta de marzo de mil novecientos noventa
October 15, 2000 - el quince de octubre de dos mil
December 17, 2002 - el diecisiete de diciembre de dos mil dos
May 22, 1987 - el veintidós de mayo de mil novecientos ochenta y siete
March 30, 1990 - el treinta de marzo de mil novecientos noventa
October 15, 2000 - el quince de octubre de dos mil
December 17, 2002 - el diecisiete de diciembre de dos mil dos
Days of the Week, Months of the Year and Seasons
Months of the Year - Los Meses del Año
enero - January febrero - February marzo - March abril - April mayo - May junio - June julio - July agosto - August septiembre - September octubre - October noviembre - November diciembre - December el mes - the month el año - the year
Note:
- the months of the year are not capitalized
- they are masculine, and are not normally used with articles
- there is no u in agosto, and the first vowel in diciembre is an i, not an e
- they are masculine, and are not normally used with articles
- there is no u in agosto, and the first vowel in diciembre is an i, not an e
To say in a month, use en or en el mes de.
Ella va a venir en junio.
She is going to come in June.
She is going to come in June.
Hace buen tiempo en el mes de mayo.
The weather is nice in May.
The weather is nice in May.
Seasons of the Year - Las estaciones del Año
la primavera - spring el verano - summer el otoño - autumn el invierno - winter
Note:
The seasons are generally used with the definite article.
The seasons are generally used with the definite article.
En la primavera llueve mucho.
It rains a lot in the spring.
It rains a lot in the spring.
El verano es maravilloso.
Summer is marvelous.
Summer is marvelous.
estación vs. temporada
As you already know, season translates to Spanish as estación.
The Spanish word temporada is used for most other "seasons", such as for "football season", "bullfighting season", "television season", "opera season", etc.
Mi estación favorita es la primavera.
My favorite season is spring.
My favorite season is spring.
Esta temporada de fútbol será fenomenal.
This soccer season will be phenomenal.
This soccer season will be phenomenal.
Dates
To give the date in Spanish, use the definite article "el" plus a cardinal number (e.g., dos, tres, ... treinta y uno) plus de and the month (plus "de" and the year). For the first day of the month, use primero, not uno.
Hoy es el primero de enero.
Today is January 1.
Today is January 1.
Es el dos de febrero.
It is February 2.
It is February 2.
Estamos al 31 de marzo.
Today is March 31.
Today is March 31.
To ask the date, use one of the following:
¿Cuál es la fecha hoy?
What's today's date?
What's today's date?
¿Qué día es hoy?
What day of the month is it?
What day of the month is it?
¿A qué día del mes estamos?
What day (date) is it today?
What day (date) is it today?
To give the year, use the regular number, normally with mil (1000), as in one thousand nine hundred eighty eight (do not try to use the equivalent of nineteen hundred).
June 1, 1853 - el primero de junio de mil ochocientos cincuenta y tres
May 22, 1987 - el veintidós de mayo de mil novecientos ochenta y siete
March 30, 1990 - el treinta de marzo de mil novecientos noventa
October 15, 2000 - el quince de octubre de dos mil
December 17, 2002 - el diecisiete de diciembre de dos mil dos
May 22, 1987 - el veintidós de mayo de mil novecientos ochenta y siete
March 30, 1990 - el treinta de marzo de mil novecientos noventa
October 15, 2000 - el quince de octubre de dos mil
December 17, 2002 - el diecisiete de diciembre de dos mil dos
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